Imported Criminalisation: The Kurdish Diaspora after Sweden and Finland’s Accession to NATO

Abstract

This article introduces the concept of ‘imported criminalisation’, where host states adopt the origin country’s securitisation and criminalisation standards against a diaspora. Focusing on the trilateral memorandum between Turkey, Sweden, and Finland over NATO accession, it traces how these dynamics affected the Kurdish diaspora in the Nordics, generating legal grey zones, fear, and shifts in mobilisation.